Saint Catherine - Trips
Sant Katrin - Saint CatherineRating
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Saint Catherine is considered the most special and distinctive city in Sinai .. It is the highest inhabited place in Sinai, as it is located on a plateau that rises 1600 meters above sea level .. It is surrounded by a group of mountains that are the highest in Sinai and even in all of Egypt .. The highest is the summit of Mount Catherine, Mount Moses and Mount Safsafa and others.
This altitude made it a distinct climate as well .. it is moderate in the summer and very cold in the winter .. which gives it beauty, especially when the snow covers the mountain tops .. The region has been declared a natural reserve. Historically ... it is an area of great importance. . And another religious, civilizational history was added to it when the monastery, now known as Saint Catherine's Monastery, was built in the sixth century AD .. It is still one of the greatest Christian monuments in Egypt and the world. This distinction in location and climate .. in history and geography .. was reflected in the present of Saint Catherine, which is a tourist area with a special character .. and an agricultural area due to the availability of groundwater sources in it.
Saint Catherine is located in the heart of South Sinai, 300 km from the Suez Canal. It has an area of 5,130 sq km. The city is famous for religious tourism, safari tourism and mountain climbing. It contains the Monastery of Saint Catherine, Mount Moses, the shrine of the Prophet Aaron, and other religious relics. And there are a number of major tourism projects. It is considered the largest natural reserve in the Arab Republic of Egypt in terms of area.
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Religious tourism :
Religious tourism is considered at the forefront of the types of tourism that the city enjoys, and the Monastery of Saint Catherine represents an important shrine for the tourist who yearns for religious tourism and was built in the sixth century AD.
St. Catherine's Monastery :
Since the early Christian times, South Sinai has been considered one of the most important attractions for Christian monks. These monks have established many monasteries and churches in the Sinai Valleys, the most famous of what remains is the Tor Sinai Monastery known as the Monastery of Saint Catherine.
The monastery is located at the foot of Mount Sinai, in a rugged mountainous area that was blessed by nature with breathtaking beauty, with good climate and fresh water quality. To the west of the monastery is the Valley of Rest. The monastery has a great wall surrounding several internal buildings, one on top of each other, sometimes reaching four floors, pierced by crooked corridors and corridors. The building of the monastery resembles medieval fortresses, and its wall is constructed with granite stones and has towers in the pillars. Its walls are between 12 and 15 meters high .. and the lengths of its sides are approximately 117 * 80 * 77 * 76 meters. The building of the monastery dates back to the fourth century AD when Empress Helena, mother of Emperor Constantine, ordered its construction in 432 AD, then it was completed during the reign of Emperor Justinian in 545 AD, to be a stronghold for the monks of Sinai. It was named in the following ages as the Monastery of St. Her remains were moved accordingly, and her name was given to the monastery and the whole region.
The most important buildings of the monastery are: the great church, the church of the bush, the mosque, the library, in addition to the monks' cells, a press, two mills, grain stores, supplies and water wells.
The Great Church:
It is the oldest Christian monuments and dates back to the reign of Emperor Gustian in the sixth century AD and was designed in the form of the Roman basilica, which was popular at the time of its construction in 527 AD. It is located in the northern part of the monastery and is sometimes called the Great Church or the Cathedral .... It was known as the Church of the Transfiguration. . Inside the church, there are two rows of columns ... which are 12 columns that represent the months of the year. On each side there are 4 temples, each bearing the name of a saint.
Despite what this church has been exposed to in various eras, the greater part of its roof has remained preserved, and there are some ancient writing on parts of it among them: “To greet our king, he met Justinian the Great.” ... O Lord, whose vision was revealed in this place, save and have mercy on your servant. Atien "and the builder of this monastery," Elysius "(Elisha) and" Nona ", and the first is the first to oversee the monastery .. As for Elisha, he is the architect who built it .. Perhaps Nona was his wife.
At the top of the church is a round apse, the ceiling and sides of which are decorated with mosaics ... which is the most important thing in the whole monastery, as it is one of the most famous Christian mosaics in the whole world. Only the mosaics of Ayasofya in Istanbul matched them in their artistic value. These mosaics represent scenes from the Old and New Testaments. The main scene in it represents Christ in the center, and on his right is the Virgin, and on his left is Moses .. While Peter lies at his feet and on the wall there are two scenes, one of which is Moses receiving the Law over the Sinai Mountains, and the second represents Moses kneeling in front of the tree .. And the hand of God extended to him from above its flame. Referring to him.
And under the roof of this dome has mosaics. . The coffin inside which the remains of the body of Saint Catherine was placed is inside two silver boxes .. in one of them is the saint’s skull and above the box is a gold crown inlaid with precious stones and the other contains her left hand .. and she is adorned with gold rings and precious lobes .. and on the other side are two large boxes of silver on the side. Each of them is a picture of Saint Catherine, and inside them are precious gifts from what the kings and the masters gave to the monastery. And in every place in the church there are beautiful icons of great historical importance that display about 150 icons out of a total of about 2000 icons, including rare icons made in the sixth century .. And part returns. From them to the early Byzantine period ... and divided into the period from the eleventh to the fifteenth century.
The precious chandeliers hang so that the church looks more like a museum of art .. As for the holiest place in the church, it is behind it and can be reached from both sides, which is the tree structure .. that is, the place where Moses was believed to have stood when God revealed to him and addressed him.
The small church:
It was constructed over Mount Moses.
Church of the Dead:
It is a room for the preservation of the skulls of the dead, in which the skulls are stacked on top of each other. There are only 6 tombs in the monastery for monks and bishops.
The Blackhawk Church:
Behind the main monastery church and next to the sacred bush - the shrine of the Prophet Haroun.
Al-Hakim Mosque, God willing:
In front of the main church there is a small mosque built in the days of the Fatimids in implementation of the wish of the minister Abu al-Nasr Anushqaqin in the year 500 AH 1106 AD and located 10 meters from the great church and it is built with milk and granite stones and there is a manuscript in the monastery stating that the mosque was built during the reign of the ruler, God willing.
The old mosque:
Next to the great church since the Fatimid era.
the library :
Much of the reputation of St. Catherine's Monastery is due to its library, which is rich in manuscripts and is located in the third floor of an ancient building south of the great church .. In addition to rare manuscripts, the library includes a number of documents and decrees that the caliphs and rulers gave to the monastery .. the most famous of which is said to be a document from the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace. Peace be upon him, in which security is given to the monastery and the monks .. and the document, as it is believed, was written by Omar bin Al-Khattab.
It consists of three rooms in one row that includes thousands of archaeological manuscripts in Arabic, Greek and Syriac languages. The number of manuscripts is 6000 rare manuscripts, including historical, geographical and philosophical manuscripts in addition to about 2000 documents and firmans that were given to the monastery by the rulers, most of them from the Fatimid era. In addition to that, the monastery includes a press for extracting oil from the olives ... a well of water, a bush tree, and an old food store. Around it is a large garden with a room for the skulls that collects the remains of the monks. . And at the top of Jabal Musa, there is a small church to which visitors climb up, and near it is a small mosque.
Monastery system:
The current system of monasticism followed by the monks of the Monastery of St. Catherine is that of St. Basil the Great (329 - 379 AD), one of the students of Anba Pachum (290-348 AD) .. where the monk predicts himself to a life of austerity and worship with common work side by side.
Safari tourism:
Due to the magnificent natural landscapes in the city, it is hardly found in any other place where the majestic mountains and valleys interspersed with them make walking in them a pleasure for the soul and a passage for the heart.
Saint Catherine Mountains:
Girls Mountain:
It is a great mountain facing Serail and separates them from the Wadi Ferran, and there have been many narrations in this name, but the most famous of it is a narration that says that some of the daughters of the Badia fled from their families to get rid of marrying those who did not like them and resorted to this mountain, so they chased them to it. Themselves to the valley and they went martyrs of freedom
Mount Moses:
It is considered one of the most famous mountains in South Sinai, and every visitor to the Monastery of Saint Catherine loves to climb the summit of this mountain, which is about 7363 feet above the sea level, and this name was named after our master Moses, peace be upon him, because he used to climb this mountain in order to speak to his Lord For forty days to receive the message that he delivered to the sons of his people who were waiting in the valley of rest, and it is said that this mountain used to come out of thunder and shook strongly, and when one ascends to its summit, one can see the most beautiful sight that the eye sees, especially in the early morning when the sun sends its rays on The mountains accumulated on top of each other as far as the eye can see, and a small church was built on its summit and next to it a small mosque, which was the most eloquent expression of the national unity that binds the poles of the nation.
Mount Catherine:
This mountain is considered one of the highest mountains in all of Egypt, as its height is 8,563 feet above the sea level. It is so called because, according to the traditions of the monks, the ancient angels carried the body of Saint Catherine from the place of her martyrdom in Alexandria in the year 307 AD and went down to this mountain with nothing left of it. Currently, only the skull and the bone of one of the hands, and they are kept in a box inside the church to this day, and one can see from above its summit in sight the Gulf of Aqaba and the Gulf of Suez, especially if the weather is healthy and the sun is shining.
Nature reserves in Saint Catherine:
Saint Catherine Reserve:
The area of Saint Catherine Reserve is about 4,300 km2 from South Sinai, and this area provides wonderful opportunities for safari trips and enjoying nature amidst the most beautiful scenery in Egypt - Saint Catherine and its surroundings declared a nature reserve and Saint Catherine Reserve enjoys natural and cultural features of a special character. With a long heritage.
Camel riding and jogging is the best way to enjoy the charming regions and high mountains, as they are the original home of many tribes and are home to multiple wildlife.
The Sanctuary of Saint Catherine is located at the end of the meeting of Wadi al-Seba’a ’with Wadi al-Arba’in on a high plateau surrounded by high altitudes represented by several mountains of varying heights: Mount Saint Catherine, the highest peak in Egypt, Mount Moussa, Mount Safsafa, Jabal al-San’a, Jabal Ahrar and Jabal Abbas. These mountains are characterized by sharp, undulating tendencies, which are difficult to climb without the presence of specific pistils, and the Sanctuary of Saint Catherine is a unique reserve in Egypt as it includes some of the components worthy of protection .. It is a historical reserve with a unique cultural heritage represented in the Monastery of Saint Catherine with its architectural contents and treasures. The artistic and archaeological sites, and the holy mountains around it of religious importance, as well as some other religious monuments such as the tomb of Prophet Saleh and the tomb of Harun.
At the same time, Saint Catherine is an important natural reserve, as it is one of the most important natural shelters for most of the rare plants that inhabit Sinai, whose presence in Egypt is limited to that area, such as medicinal plants, poisonous plants, etc. There are also springs of water and fruitful crops abound in it. There are also some water wells of historical importance, such as the Zaytuna Well and Haroun's Well.
Animal life:
Saint Catherine is replete with many wild animals such as foxes, hyenas, tatls, gazelles, goats, hares, wolves, Arabian hedgehog, spiny mouse, jerboa, and many reptiles such as feather ... as well as various types of birds, the most important of which are the stork, eagle, falcon, eagle, kestrel, kitten, crested, lunar, owl, butler, lark, hornbeam, crow And the bird, the sheep, the school, and others. This area has been declared a nature reserve since 1988.
Medicinal plants:
Science and scientists have proven that treatment with medicinal plants and herbs is less harmful than medicines extracted from chemicals. Their research and studies have now focused on extracting medicine from natural plants and herbs to treat many diseases, and this trend added to the city of Saint Catherine another feature where plants abound. Medicinal and herbs that are used in the treatment of many diseases.
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